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Market surveys --- Questionnaires --- Methodology --- Methodology. --- Market surveys - Methodology --- Questionnaires - Methodology
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Science --- Methodology.
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There has been much discussion in recent years about the construction of theoretical models useful in the explanation of particular areas of social organization. This volume charts that discussion and its results and covers a wide ethnographic range from the Pacific Island of Truk through African pastoral societies, south-east Asia and Hong Kong, back to Polynesia.
First published in 1965.
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Il est loin le temps où l'on considérait la métaphore comme une simple figure de style censée embellir le propos. Aujourd'hui, il nous faut convenir que la métaphore provoque l'analyse du fait présent bien au-delà de sa singularité. En proposant un détour imagé, elle génère des pratiques langagières, une heuristique grâce à laquelle il est possible d'avancer dans la compréhension d'un concept ou d'une situation. Tout à la fois loupe cognitive et révélateur, la métaphore éclaire la réalité sous un jour nouveau, favorise l'émergence de nouvelles hypothèses, voire développe les aspects implicites de notre expérience. Loin des sentiers battus de la recherche classique, des auteurs venant des quatre coins de la Francophonie se sont efforcés, en filant une métaphore de leur choix, de mettre en lumière les aspects les moins visibles de l'activité socio-éducative. Dans une démarche originale, ils apportent des perspectives de recherches qualitatives susceptibles de donner de ce métier une vision renouvelée. Puisse cette approche kaléidoscopique contribuer à faire connaître du grand public ce métier dont le mérite est, en dernière analyse, d'apporter un supplément d'humanité là où sévit le drame de l'inadaptation ou de l'exclusion.
Teaching --- Methodology.
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Ethnology --- Methodology. --- Philosophy. --- Methodology --- Philosophy
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Is there a universal set of rules for discovering and testing scientific hypotheses? Since the birth of modern science, philosophers, scientists, and other thinkers have wrestled with this fundamental question of scientific practice. Efforts to devise rigorous methods for obtaining scientific knowledge include the twenty-one rules Descartes proposed in his Rules for the Direction of the Mind and the four rules of reasoning that begin the third book of Newton's Principia, and continue today in debates over the very possibility of such rules. Bringing together key primary sources spanning almost four centuries, Science Rules introduces readers to scientific methods that have played a prominent role in the history of scientific practice. Editor Peter Achinstein includes works by scientists and philosophers of science to offer a new perspective on the nature of scientific reasoning. For each of the methods discussed, he presents the original formulation of the method; selections written by a proponent of the method together with an application to a particular scientific example; and a critical analysis of the method that draws on historical and contemporary sources. The methods included in this volume are Cartesian rationalism with an application to Descartes' laws of motion; Newton's inductivism and the law of gravity; two versions of hypothetico-deductivism--those of William Whewell and Karl Popper--and the nineteenth-century wave theory of light; Paul Feyerabend's principle of proliferation and Thomas Kuhn's views on scientific values, both of which deny that there are universal rules of method, with an application to Galileo's tower argument. Included also is a famous nineteenth-century debate about scientific reasoning between the hypothetico-deductivist William Whewell and the inductivist John Stuart Mill; and an account of the realism-antirealism dispute about unobservables in science, with a consideration of Perrin's argument for the existence of molecules in the early twentieth century.
Science --- Methodology --- History. --- History --- Science - Methodology - History
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Communication --- Mass media --- Research --- Methodology. --- Research --- Methodology.
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Health --- -Medicine --- -Research --- -Methodology --- Research --- -Methodology
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Social archaeology --- Archaeology --- Methodology
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